1930
Pan-African Chronology
Pan-African Chronology
*****
January 1
*Clarence Adams, an African American soldier during the Korean War who was captured by the Chinese and who later defected to China, was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Adams was captured on November 29, 1950, when the People's Liberation Army overran his all-black artillery unit's position. Adams was held as a prisoner of war (POW) until the end of the war. Instead of returning to the United States during Operation Big Switch, Adams was one of 21 American soldiers who chose to settle in the People's Republic of China. As a result of their decision, those 21 Americans were considered defectors.
January 3
*Hulda Stumpf, an European American Christian missionary and vocal opponent to female genital mutilation, was murdered in her home near the Africa Inland Mission station in Kijabe, Kenya.
*Cyrus Wiley, an educator who became the president of Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth, died in Atlanta, Georgia.
January 9
*Lolis Elie, a civil rights lawyer who helped to desegregate New Orleans, was born in New Orleans.
January 23
*Derek Walcott, the 1992 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, was born in Castries, Saint Lucia.
*Percy Bassett, an featherweight professional boxer, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*Cyrus Wiley, an educator who became the president of Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth, died in Atlanta, Georgia.
January 9
*Lolis Elie, a civil rights lawyer who helped to desegregate New Orleans, was born in New Orleans.
January 23
*Derek Walcott, the 1992 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, was born in Castries, Saint Lucia.
January 27
*Bobby "Blue" Bland, a legendary blues singer, was born in Rosemark, Tennessee.
January 30
*Sandy Amoros, a Cuban left fielder in Major League Baseball for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers and the Detroit Tigers best known for his defensive play in the 1955 World Series which enabled the Brooklyn Dodgers to win their first World Series, was born in Havana, Cuba.
February 21
*Sandy Amoros, a Cuban left fielder in Major League Baseball for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers and the Detroit Tigers best known for his defensive play in the 1955 World Series which enabled the Brooklyn Dodgers to win their first World Series, was born in Havana, Cuba.
February 21
*Richard B. Harrison starred as "De Lawd" in The Green Pastures, which opened on Broadway.
February 24
*Richard Boone, a jazz musician and scat singer who became a resident of Denmark, was born in Little Rock, Arkansas.
February 25
*The President of the Dominican Republic Horacio Vasquez fled Santo Domingo as rebel forces led by General Rafael Trujillo, a person of African descent, toppled his government.
February 24
*Richard Boone, a jazz musician and scat singer who became a resident of Denmark, was born in Little Rock, Arkansas.
February 25
*Archibald Grimke, a lawyer, intellectual, journalist, diplomat and community leader who was the recipient of the Spingarn Medal in 1919, died in Washington, D. C.
February 26*The President of the Dominican Republic Horacio Vasquez fled Santo Domingo as rebel forces led by General Rafael Trujillo, a person of African descent, toppled his government.
March 9
*Jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman, the principal initiator and leading exponent of free jazz, was born in Fort Worth, Texas.
March 13
*Jazz trumpeter Richard "Blue" Mitchell was born in Miami, Florida.
March 22
*Willie Thrower, the first African American to appear at the quarterback position in the National Football League, was born New Kensington, Pennsylvania.
March 24
*David Dacko, the first President of the Central African Republic, was born the village of Bouchia, near Mbaiki in the Lobaye region, which was then a part of the French Equatorial African territory of Moyen Congo (Middle Congo) (March 24).
March 24
*David Dacko, the first President of the Central African Republic, was born the village of Bouchia, near Mbaiki in the Lobaye region, which was then a part of the French Equatorial African territory of Moyen Congo (Middle Congo) (March 24).
March 30
*Sterling Betancourt, a Trinidad-born pioneer, inventor, arranger and musician who became a major figure in pioneering the steel pan in Europe and the United Kingdom, was born in Laventille, near Port of Spain, Trinidad.
March 31
*Sterling Betancourt, a Trinidad-born pioneer, inventor, arranger and musician who became a major figure in pioneering the steel pan in Europe and the United Kingdom, was born in Laventille, near Port of Spain, Trinidad.
March 31
*President Hoover appointed Judge John J. Parker of North Carolina, a known racist, to the Supreme Court. The NAACP launched a successful campaign against Parker's confirmation.
*Gugsa Welle, the husband of the Ethiopian Empress Zewditu and the Shum (Governor) of Begemder Province, was met by forces loyal to Negus Tafari (the future Haile Selassie) and was defeated at the Battle of Anchem. Gugsa Welle was killed in action.
April
*In South Africa, Pixley Seme replaced Josiah Gumede as President of the African National Congress.
April 1
*Victor Banjo, a star crossed Colonel in the Nigerian Army who was executed for staging a coup against Biafran President Odumegwu Ojukwu, was born.
April 2
*Zewditu, the Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930, died.
April 7
*Pythias Russ, a Negro League Baseball star, died in Cynthiana, Kentucky.
April 13
*Neval Thomas, a civil rights activist and the president of the Washington, D. C. branch of the NAACP from 1925 to 1930, died in Washington, D. C.
May 1
*Ethel Ayler, a veteran African American character actress with a career spanning over five decades most notably in the role as Carrie Hanks, the mother of Claire Huxtable of the The Cosby Show, was born in Whistler, Alabama.
May 4
April 7
*Pythias Russ, a Negro League Baseball star, died in Cynthiana, Kentucky.
April 13
*Neval Thomas, a civil rights activist and the president of the Washington, D. C. branch of the NAACP from 1925 to 1930, died in Washington, D. C.
May 1
*Ethel Ayler, a veteran African American character actress with a career spanning over five decades most notably in the role as Carrie Hanks, the mother of Claire Huxtable of the The Cosby Show, was born in Whistler, Alabama.
May 4
*Katherine Esther Jackson, the matriarch of the Jackson musical family, was born in Clayton, Alabama.
May 6
*Charles Gilpin, a noted stage actor, died in Eldridge Park, New Jersey.
May 7
May 7
*The U.S. Senate rejected President Hoover's Supreme Court Justice nominee John J. Parker by a vote of 41–39. The NAACP successfully campaigned to defeat confirmation of Supreme Court nominee John H. Parker, who was on record in opposition to voting rights for African Americans.
May 9
*A mob in Sherman, Texas, burned down a courthouse during the trial of George Hughes, an African-American man who was accused of assaulting his boss' wife, a white woman. The mob attacked the courthouse vault, retrieved the dead body of Hughes, dragged it behind an automobile and hanged it from a tree. National Guard troops were sent to Sherman to restore order as the mob looted stores in the African American business district.
May 10
*Texas Governor Dan Moody placed the city of Sherman, Texas, under martial law. Fourteen rioters were placed under arrest.
*The National Pan-Hellenic Council was formed on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D. C.
May 11
*Edward Brathwaite, a Barbadian poet and academic widely considered one of the major voices in the Caribbean literary canon, was born in Bridgetown, Barbados.
May 12
*Paul Panda Farnana M'Fumu, the first Congolese intellectual and a Pan-Africanist, died in Matada, Belgian Congo.
May 13
*Radhames Aracena, a Dominican radio host, music producer and businessman who helped give birth to bachata music and thereby changed the musical landscape of the Dominican Republic during and after Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship, was born in Santiago, Dominican Republic.
May 14
*Chris de Broglio, a Mauritian-born South African weightlifter and anti-Apartheid activist, was born in Mauritius.
May 16
*Edward Brathwaite, a Barbadian poet and academic widely considered one of the major voices in the Caribbean literary canon, was born in Bridgetown, Barbados.
May 12
*Paul Panda Farnana M'Fumu, the first Congolese intellectual and a Pan-Africanist, died in Matada, Belgian Congo.
May 13
*Radhames Aracena, a Dominican radio host, music producer and businessman who helped give birth to bachata music and thereby changed the musical landscape of the Dominican Republic during and after Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship, was born in Santiago, Dominican Republic.
May 14
*Chris de Broglio, a Mauritian-born South African weightlifter and anti-Apartheid activist, was born in Mauritius.
May 16
*General elections were held in the Dominican Republic. Rafael Trujillo was elected president unopposed when opposition candidates withdrew their names in protest, accusing members of the body overseeing the election of being appointed illegally.
*Jazz singer Betty Carter, popularly known as "Betty Bebop" was born in Flint, Michigan.
May 19
*Playwright Lorraine Hansberry, who would write A Raisin in the Sun, was born in Chicago,
May 22
*Edward Melvin Porter, the first African American elected to the Oklahoma state senate and the co-owner and publisher of Black Voices magazine, was born in Okmulgee, Oklahoma.
*Bernardo Baro, a professional baseball player who was elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame, died (June).
June 1
*Eugenio de Paula Tavares, a Cape Verdean poet known for his famous poems (mornas) written in the Crioulo of Brava, died in Vila Nova Sintra, Cape Verde.
June 3
*Ronnell Bright, a jazz pianist and actor, was born in Chicago, Illinois.
June 7
*In a gesture meant to convey respect, the New York Times began capitalizing the word "Negro" in its pages.
June 9
*Ibrahima Fall, a disciple of Aamadu Bamba and the founder of the influential Baye Fall movement, died in Touba, Senegal.
June 11
June 9
*Ibrahima Fall, a disciple of Aamadu Bamba and the founder of the influential Baye Fall movement, died in Touba, Senegal.
June 11
*Johnny Bright, a professional football player in the Canadian Football League and a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame, the National Football Foundation's College Football Hall of Fame, the Missouri Valley Conference Hall of Fame, the Edmonton Eskimos Wall of Honour, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame, and the Des Moines Register's Iowa Sports Hall of Fame, was born Fort Wayne, Indiana (June 11).
*Charles Rangel, a New York Congressman, was born in New York City.
June 14
June 22
*Babacar Ba (b. June 14, 1930 – d. December 13, 2006), a Senegalese politician from Kaolack, who served as Foreign Minister of Senegal in 1978, was born.
*Mary McLeod Bethune, a Florida African American educator, feminist leader, and civil rights spokesperson, was named one of America's fifty leading women by the historian Ida Tarbell. Bethune was born in Maysville, South Carolina in 1875. She studied at Scotia Seminary in North Carolina and at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. In 1904, Bethune founded the Bethune-Cookman College at Daytona Beach, Florida. A recipient of the Medal of Merit from the Republic of Haiti and the NAACP Spingarn Award, Bethune was president of the National Council of Negro Women and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. She was a principal advisor as well as a friend to President and Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
July 2
August 6
*Robert Blair, a gospel musician and leader of The Fantastic Violinaires, was born.
July 2
*Ahmad Jamal, (b. Frederick Russell Jones), an American jazz pianist known for his rendition of But Not ForMe, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
July 4
*Ancella Bickley, a historian known for her role in preserving African Amercan history in West Virginia, was born in Huntington, West Virginia.
July 7
July 10
*Ganiyu Bello, a prominent Yoruba community leader and business tycoon, was born in Oyo State, Nigeria.
July 14
July 24
*Ancella Bickley, a historian known for her role in preserving African Amercan history in West Virginia, was born in Huntington, West Virginia.
July 7
*Victor Pascall, a Trinidadian cricketer who represented the West Indies in the days before they achieved Test status, died in Port of Spain, Trinidad.
July 10
*Ganiyu Bello, a prominent Yoruba community leader and business tycoon, was born in Oyo State, Nigeria.
July 14
*Albert Beckles, a professional bodybuilder and a three time New York City Night of Champions winner, was born in Barbados.
July 24
*Charles Decatur Brooks, a Seventh-day Adventist evangelist best known for his Breath of Life television ministry.
July 25
*Ado Bayero, the Emir of Kano from 1963 to 2014, was born in Kano, Northern Nigeria.
August 2
*Ado Bayero, the Emir of Kano from 1963 to 2014, was born in Kano, Northern Nigeria.
August 2
*Bobbie Beard, an African American child actor best known for portraying "Cotton" in several Our Gang short films from 1932 to 1934, was born in Los Angeles, California.
*Eddie Locke, a jazz drummer who became a member of the Coleman Hawkins Quartet in the 1960s, was born.
August 6
*Abbey Lincoln, an American jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress, who wrote and performed her own compositions, was born in Chicago, Illinois. She was a civil rights advocate during the 1960s.
*Robert Blair, a gospel musician and leader of The Fantastic Violinaires, was born.
August 7
*Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith were lynched in Marion, Indiana. There were beaten and hanged. James Cameron survived. This would be the last recorded lynching of African Americans in the Northern United States.
*Edward Willard Bates, a prominent African American who served as a physician and surgeon in the 368th Ambulance Company in the 317th Sanitary (Medical) Train of the 92nd Division during World War I, died in Los Angeles, California. For his bravery in battle, he was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).
September 3
*A hurricane struck the Dominican Republic, killing over 8,000 people and doing as estimated $15 million in damage.
September 4
Josiah Ransome-Kuti, a Nigerian clergyman and music composer, died. He was known for setting Christian hymns to indigenous music, and for writing Christian hymns in Yoruba.
September 7
*Sonny Rollins, an American jazz tenor saxophonist, widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians, was born in New York, New York. A number of his compositions, including "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", "Pent-Up House", and "Airegin", became jazz standards.
September 8
*Walter Benton, an African American jazz tenor saxophonist, was born in Los Angeles, California.
September 9
*Frank Lucas, a former heroin dealer, who operated in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s, was born in La Grange, North Carolina.
September 13
*Bola Ige, a Nigerian lawyer and politician, was born in Zaria, Kaduna.
*Edward Willard Bates, a prominent African American who served as a physician and surgeon in the 368th Ambulance Company in the 317th Sanitary (Medical) Train of the 92nd Division during World War I, died in Los Angeles, California. For his bravery in battle, he was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).
*A hurricane struck the Dominican Republic, killing over 8,000 people and doing as estimated $15 million in damage.
September 4
Josiah Ransome-Kuti, a Nigerian clergyman and music composer, died. He was known for setting Christian hymns to indigenous music, and for writing Christian hymns in Yoruba.
September 7
*Sonny Rollins, an American jazz tenor saxophonist, widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians, was born in New York, New York. A number of his compositions, including "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", "Pent-Up House", and "Airegin", became jazz standards.
September 8
*Walter Benton, an African American jazz tenor saxophonist, was born in Los Angeles, California.
September 9
*Frank Lucas, a former heroin dealer, who operated in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s, was born in La Grange, North Carolina.
September 13
*Bola Ige, a Nigerian lawyer and politician, was born in Zaria, Kaduna.
September 14
*Bill Berry, a jazz trumpeter best known for playing with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in the early 1960s and for leading his own big band, was born in Benton Harbor, Michigan.
September 16
*Jerry Donal Jewell, the first African American to serve as governor of Arkansas, was born in Chatfield, Arkansas. A dentist who was the president pro tem of the state senate, Jewell held the post of Governor of Arkansas for three days, as Governor Jim Guy Tucker attended the Presidential inauguration of former Governor Bill Clinton.
September 19
*Bill Berry, a jazz trumpeter best known for playing with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in the early 1960s and for leading his own big band, was born in Benton Harbor, Michigan.
September 16
*Jerry Donal Jewell, the first African American to serve as governor of Arkansas, was born in Chatfield, Arkansas. A dentist who was the president pro tem of the state senate, Jewell held the post of Governor of Arkansas for three days, as Governor Jim Guy Tucker attended the Presidential inauguration of former Governor Bill Clinton.
September 19
*Muhal Abrams, the founder of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians, was born in Chicago, Illinois.
September 20
*Eddie Bo, a singer and pianist known for his blues,soul and folk recordings, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
*Kenneth Mopeli, the Chief Minister of the South African bantustan of QwaQwa from 1975 to 1994, was born in Namahadi.
September 20
*Eddie Bo, a singer and pianist known for his blues,soul and folk recordings, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
*Kenneth Mopeli, the Chief Minister of the South African bantustan of QwaQwa from 1975 to 1994, was born in Namahadi.
September 23
*Ray Charles, a jazz, soul, and pop singer, was born in Albany, Georgia. Blind by the age of six, he would become one of America's most-beloved performing artists.
September 24
*Cardiss Robertson Collins was born in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1973, she would be elected to the United States House of Representatives.
September 29
*National Guardsmen in Huntsville, Alabama, attacked a crowd around the Madison County jail with tear gas bombs. The mob was trying to storm the jail where an African-American man was being held in connection with the murder of a businessman.
September 30
*Students at the University of Havana held a demonstration against president Gerardo Machado. Police blocked the streets and during the ensuing clashes, a student leader by the name of Rafael Trejo was killed. Trejo was later held up to be a martyr and a hero in Cuban history.
*Marcel Antoine Lihau, a Congolese politician and law professor who served as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Congo and was involved in the creation of two functional constitutions for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was born in Lisala, Equateur Province, Belgian Congo.
October 3
*Revolution broke out in Brazil against the rule of President Washington Luis.
*Austin Amissah, a Ghanaian lawyer, judge and academic who became a judge of the Court of Appeal in Botswana, was born in Accra, Ghana.
October 4
*The Cuban congress granted the request of President Gerardo Machado to suspend the constitution in and around Havana until after general elections on November 1.
September 29
*National Guardsmen in Huntsville, Alabama, attacked a crowd around the Madison County jail with tear gas bombs. The mob was trying to storm the jail where an African-American man was being held in connection with the murder of a businessman.
September 30
*Students at the University of Havana held a demonstration against president Gerardo Machado. Police blocked the streets and during the ensuing clashes, a student leader by the name of Rafael Trejo was killed. Trejo was later held up to be a martyr and a hero in Cuban history.
*Marcel Antoine Lihau, a Congolese politician and law professor who served as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Congo and was involved in the creation of two functional constitutions for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was born in Lisala, Equateur Province, Belgian Congo.
October 3
*Revolution broke out in Brazil against the rule of President Washington Luis.
*Austin Amissah, a Ghanaian lawyer, judge and academic who became a judge of the Court of Appeal in Botswana, was born in Accra, Ghana.
October 4
*The Cuban congress granted the request of President Gerardo Machado to suspend the constitution in and around Havana until after general elections on November 1.
October 8
*The artist Faith Ringgold was born in New York.
October 13
*Rufus Herve Bacote, a prominent physician in Kentucky and Tennessee who served as a First Lieutenant and an army doctor in the 370th Infantry Regiment of the 93rd Division during World War I, died in Earlington, Kentucky (October 13).
October 14
*Henry Creamer, the song lyricist best known for composing the lyrics for "Way Down Yonder in New Orleans", died in New York City, New York.
*Mobutu Sese Seko, a President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was born in Lisala, Belgian Congo.
October 13
*Rufus Herve Bacote, a prominent physician in Kentucky and Tennessee who served as a First Lieutenant and an army doctor in the 370th Infantry Regiment of the 93rd Division during World War I, died in Earlington, Kentucky (October 13).
October 14
*Henry Creamer, the song lyricist best known for composing the lyrics for "Way Down Yonder in New Orleans", died in New York City, New York.
*Mobutu Sese Seko, a President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was born in Lisala, Belgian Congo.
October 22
*Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1930 premiered at New York's Royal Theater with Ethel Waters and Cecil Mack's Choir. Songs in the musical include "Memories of You" by Eubie Blake with lyrics by Andy Razaf. The musical would have 57 performances.
October 24
*Brazil's three-week civil war ended in rebel victory as President Washington Luis resigned.
October 29
November 1
*James C. Matthews, the first African American law school graduate in New York, died in Albany, New York.
November 2
October 24
*Brazil's three-week civil war ended in rebel victory as President Washington Luis resigned.
October 29
*Omara Portuondo Peláez, a singer and dancer whose career spanned over half a century was born in Havana, Cuba. She was one of the original members of the Cuarteto d'Aida, and performed with Ignacio Pineiro, Orquesta Anacaona, Orquesta Aragon, Nat King Cole, Adalberto Alvarez, Los Van Van, the Buena Vista ensemble, Pupy Pedroso, Chucho Valdes and Juan Formell.
November 1
*James C. Matthews, the first African American law school graduate in New York, died in Albany, New York.
*Ras Tafari, who took the name Haile Selassie when he was proclaimed Negus (King) in 1928, was crowned King of Kings at Addis Adaba. He would reign until 1974 and be regarded by Jamaican Rastafarians as the living God. He was seen as fulfilling a prophecy of Marcus Garvey, "Look to Africa, where a black king shall be crowned, for the day of deliverance is near."
November 3
November 3
*Getulio Vargas became President of Brazil.
November 6
*Derrick Albert Bell, Jr., the first tenured African American Professor of Law at Harvard Law School who is largely credited as one of the originators of critical race theory (CRT), was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was a visiting professor at New York University School of Law from 1991 until his death. He was also a dean of the University of Oregon School of Law.
*Leslie Lee, a Tony Award-nominated playwright, was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.
November 7
*Greg Bell, a long jumper who won the gold medal in the long jump at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, was born in Terre Haute, Indiana.
November 8
*The United States and Britain extended formal recognition to the new Brazilian government.
November 10
*Clarence Pendleton, Jr. was born in Louisville, Kentucky. Pendleton would become the first African American chairperson of the United States Civil Rights Commission in 1981.
*Guillermo Erazo, an Afro-Ecuadorian musician, singer, and marimba player better known as Papa Roncon, was born in Borbon, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
November 13
*Cuban President Gerardo Machado suspended the Constitution for 25 days as rioting in Havana killed seven.
November 16
*Guillermo Erazo, an Afro-Ecuadorian musician, singer, and marimba player better known as Papa Roncon, was born in Borbon, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
*Cuban President Gerardo Machado suspended the Constitution for 25 days as rioting in Havana killed seven.
*Benny Andrews, a painter, printmaker, creator of collages and an educator, was born in Plainview, Georgia.
November 16
*Chinua Achebe, a Nigerian novelist whose first novel, Things Fall Apart, became the most widely read book in modern African literature, was born in Ogidi, Nigeria Protectorate.
November 18
*Thomas Barnes, the first African American Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force, was born.
*Stenio Vincent was elected President of Haiti by the National Assembly.
November 20
*Bertin Borna, a Beninese politician who served as Benin's minister of finance, was born in Tanguieta, Benin.
November 30
*Jim Boyd, the winner of an Olympic boxing gold medal in the Light Heavyweight (173 pound) Division at the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games, was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina.
December
November 20
*Bertin Borna, a Beninese politician who served as Benin's minister of finance, was born in Tanguieta, Benin.
November 30
*Jim Boyd, the winner of an Olympic boxing gold medal in the Light Heavyweight (173 pound) Division at the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games, was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina.
December
*In South Africa, African National Congress "radicals" in the Western Cape formed an independent African National Congress.
December 3
December 4
*Alexander Bada, the second Pastor of the Celestial Church of Christ (CCC), was born in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
December 6
December 3
*Art Bragg, a sprinter who competed in the 1952 Helsinki Summer Olympics in the 100 meter dash, was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
*Alexander Bada, the second Pastor of the Celestial Church of Christ (CCC), was born in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
December 6
*Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo, the Prime Minister of Zambia from June 1978 until February 1981, was born in Mongu, Zambia.
December 7
December 9
December 7
*Frank Bernasko, a Ghanaian soldier, lawyer, and politician who was a founder and leader of Ghana's Action Congress Party, was born in Ghana.
*Andrew "Rube" Foster, a baseball player, manager, and pioneer executive in the Negro Leagues, died in Kankakee, Illinois. Known as the "Father of Black Baseball", Foster was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.
December 16
*In South Africa, Communist leader Johannes Nkosi was killed during a protest in Durban (December 16-17).
December 20
*Pat Hare, a blues guitarist and singer, was born in Cherry Valley, Arkansas.
December 21
*Adebayo Adedeji, a Nigerian politician who was an Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and the United Nations Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991, was born. He became the founding Executive Director of the African Centre for Development and Strategic Studies (ACDESS) in 1991.
December 24
*Mel Triplett, a star running back for the New York Giants football team, was born in Indianola, Mississippi.
December 28
December 29
*Walter Cohen, a Republican politician and businessman, died in New Orleans, Louisiana.
December 20
*Pat Hare, a blues guitarist and singer, was born in Cherry Valley, Arkansas.
December 21
*Adebayo Adedeji, a Nigerian politician who was an Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and the United Nations Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991, was born. He became the founding Executive Director of the African Centre for Development and Strategic Studies (ACDESS) in 1991.
December 24
*Mel Triplett, a star running back for the New York Giants football team, was born in Indianola, Mississippi.
December 28
*Mary Tate, the first American woman to serve as a Bishop in a nationally recognized denomination, died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*Walter Cohen, a Republican politician and businessman, died in New Orleans, Louisiana.
December 31
*Odetta, the folksinger and activist known as "The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement" was born in Birmingham, Alabama.
Date Unknown
*'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur, the last Emir of Harar, died.
*Cloves Campbell, the first African American elected to the Arizona State Senate, was born in Elizabeth, Louisiana.
*Nicolas Geffrard, a Haitian musician best known for composing La Dessalinienne, the Haitian national anthem, died. The piece was adopted in 1904 to celebrate one hundred years of Haitian independence. He spent part of his career working in Europe.
Date Unknown
*'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur, the last Emir of Harar, died.
*Cloves Campbell, the first African American elected to the Arizona State Senate, was born in Elizabeth, Louisiana.
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