1938
*****
Pan-African Chronology
January
*Jack Chen organized an international art exhibition in the Soviet Union, European countries and the United States, bringing the works of the Chinese artists, against the Japanese aggression in China. It was the first time for the revolutionary art of China to be introduced to the world.
*The New York Times used one of the Jack Chen's prints for a cover of its magazine (January).
January 6
*The Octavian Goga government in Romania recognized the Italian conquest of Ethiopia.
January 10
*Willie McCovey, a Hall of Fame baseball player, was born in Mobile, Alabama.
January 14
*Allen Toussaint, a record producer known for his New Orleans sound, was born in Gert Town, Louisiana.
January 16
*Benny Goodman and his orchestra became the first jazz musicians to headline a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City.
January 17
*Benny Goodman and his orchestra became the first jazz musicians to headline a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City.
January 17
*Life magazine published a four page spread of Jack Chen's political cartoons. The article was entitled "Young Chinese Artists Cartoon Their Country's Conquest in Modern Manner".
January 18
*The New York Journal American published an article on the artwork of Jack Chen.
*Curt Flood, a professional baseball player who challenged Major League Baseball's reserve clause, was born in Houston, Texas.
*Curt Flood, a professional baseball player who challenged Major League Baseball's reserve clause, was born in Houston, Texas.
January 25
*Etta James, a legendary rhythm and blues singer known for the classic "At Last", was born in Los Angeles, California.
February 1
February 8
*Prentice Gautt, the first African American football player at the University of Oklahoma, waa born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
February 14
*Lee Chamberlin, a theatrical, film and television actress, was born in New York City.
February 17
*Historian and civil rights advocate Mary Frances Berry was born in Nashville, Tennessee. She would become chancellor of the University of Colorado and a member of the United States Commission on Civil Rights.
February 22
*Poet and novelist Ishmael Reed was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
February 23
*Joe Louis knocked out Nathan Mann in the third round at Madison Square Garden in New York City to retain the world heavyweight boxing title.
March 2
*Joe Louis knocked out Nathan Mann in the third round at Madison Square Garden in New York City to retain the world heavyweight boxing title.
March 2
*Baritone Simon Estes, who would become known for singing lead roles in Wagnerian operas, was born in Centerville, Iowa.
March 5
*The convention of the Black Native Party of Uruguay opened.
March 13
*Erma Franklin, the sister of Aretha Franklin and a singer best known singing the original version of "Piece of My Heart", was born in Shelby, Mississippi.
March 15
*The convention of the Black Native Party of Uruguay opened.
March 13
*Erma Franklin, the sister of Aretha Franklin and a singer best known singing the original version of "Piece of My Heart", was born in Shelby, Mississippi.
March 15
*Painter Emilio Cruz was born in New York City.
March 18
*Country singer Charley Pride was born in Sledge, Mississippi.
*The musical comedy film Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm starring Shirley Temple, Randolph Scott and Bill "Bojangles" Robinson was released.
March 23
*Maynard Jackson was born in Dallas, Texas. He would be elected three times mayor of Atlanta (1974, 1978, and 1990).
March 28
March 28
*The United States Supreme Court decided New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co.
April 1
*Joe Louis knocked out Harry Thomas in the fifth round at Chicago Stadium to retain the world heavyweight boxing title.
April 7
*Trumpeter and bandleader Frederick Dewayne ("Freddie") Hubbard was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He would win a Grammy for his album Straight Life.
April 8
*Kofi Annan, diplomat and Secretary-General of the United Nations, was born in Kumasi (Comassie) Gold Coast (now Ghana).
April 9
*Kofi Annan, diplomat and Secretary-General of the United Nations, was born in Kumasi (Comassie) Gold Coast (now Ghana).
*Joe "King" Oliver, a pioneer jazz cornetist and bandleader, died in Savannah, Georgia. He was an important early influence on Louis Armstrong and on the shape of early jazz.
*Rockin' Sidney, a zydeco musician known for his hit "My Toot Toot", was born in Lebeau, Louisiana.
April 11
*The United States Supreme Court decided the case of Hale v. Kentucky.
*Cristobal Torriente, a Cuban baseball player who was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, died in New York City, New York.
April 16
April 16
*Britain and Italy concluded the Easter Accords, a pact to reduce tensions in the Mediterranean region. The British recognized the Italian conquest of Ethiopia while Italy promised to withdraw its troops from Spain at the end of the Civil War and refrain from spreading propaganda in the Middle East.
April 19
*Czechoslovakia recognized the Italian conquest of Ethiopia.
April 26
*Maurice Williams, a singer best known for the classic hit "Stay", was born in Lancaster, South Carolina.
May 2
*Moshoeshoe II, the King of Lesotho from 1966 to 1990 and from 1995 to 1996, was born in Morija, Lesotho.
May 4
*Tyrone Davis, a blues and soul singer best know for the hit "Turn Back The Hands of Time", was born in Greenville, Mississippi.
May 7
*Czechoslovakia recognized the Italian conquest of Ethiopia.
April 26
*Maurice Williams, a singer best known for the classic hit "Stay", was born in Lancaster, South Carolina.
May 2
*Moshoeshoe II, the King of Lesotho from 1966 to 1990 and from 1995 to 1996, was born in Morija, Lesotho.
May 4
*Tyrone Davis, a blues and soul singer best know for the hit "Turn Back The Hands of Time", was born in Greenville, Mississippi.
May 7
*Papa Charlie Jackson, the first successful blues guitarist, died in Chicago, Illinois.
May 17
*Jason Bernard, a film and television actor best known for his role as Caleb Taylor in the NBC miniseries V, was born in Chicago, Illinois.
*Bettye Davis, the first African American woman elected to the Anchorage, Alaska, Board of Education, was born in Homer, Louisiana.
May 18
*A general election was held in South Africa, won by the United Party.
May 24
May 31
*Henry Armstrong defeated Barney Ross by judges' decision at Madison Square Garden Bowl in Queens, New York to win the world welterweight boxing title.
June 6
*Jason Bernard, a film and television actor best known for his role as Caleb Taylor in the NBC miniseries V, was born in Chicago, Illinois.
*Bettye Davis, the first African American woman elected to the Anchorage, Alaska, Board of Education, was born in Homer, Louisiana.
*A general election was held in South Africa, won by the United Party.
May 24
*Prince Buster, a pioneer of ska and rocksteady music, was born in Kingston, Jamaica.
*Henry Armstrong defeated Barney Ross by judges' decision at Madison Square Garden Bowl in Queens, New York to win the world welterweight boxing title.
June 6
*Attracted by the ideas of black separatists such as Marcus Garvey, United States Senator from Mississippi, Theodore Bilbo, proposed an amendment to the federal work-relief bill on June 6, 1938, which would have deported 12 million African Americans to Liberia at federal expense to relieve unemployment. Bilbo wrote a book advocating the idea. Garvey praised him in return, saying that Bilbo had "done wonderfully well for the Negro." But Thomas W. Harvey, a senior Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League leader in the US, distanced himself from Bilbo because of his racist speeches.
June 8
*Arthur Schomburg, a historian whose collection of works formed the foundation for the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, died in Brooklyn, New York (June 8).
June 15
*Billy Williams, a Hall of Fame Major League Baseball player, was born in Whistler, Alabama.
June 19
*Led by the Afro-Brazilian Leonidas, Brazil captured third place at the World Cup soccer tournament held in France.
*Joe Louis knocked out Max Schmeling in the first round of their big rematch at Yankee Stadium to retain the world heavyweight boxing title.
June 26
*James Weldon Johnson, a writer, composer, diplomat and civil rights leader best known as the composer of the anthem "Lift Every Voice and Sing", died in Wiscasset, Maine.
June 30
July 4
*John Sturdivant, the first African American president of the American Federation of Government Employees, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*The Cuban House and Senate passed a resolution proclaiming President Roosevelt "eminent citizen of the Americas" and "illustrious adoptive son of Cuba".
*Bill Withers, a singer-songwriter best known for his hit "Lean on Me", was born in Slab Fork, West Virginia.
July 15
*The refugee conference in Evian-les-Bains ended with little accomplished. No country was willing to accept any Jews except for the Dominican Republic.
July 20
*Tony Oliva, an All-Star Major League Baseball player for the Minnesota Twins, was born in Pinar del Rio. Cuba.
July 22
*The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico was founded.
July 24
*Eugene Martin, a visual artist, was born in Washington, D. C.
July 31
*60 people were killed in a train crash in Jamaica.
August 1
*Jacques Diouf, a diplomat who became the Director General of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), was born in Senegal.
August 5
*Theologian James Cone was born in Fordyce, Arkansas. He would become the major spokesperson for Black Theology.
August 11
August 14
*Vada Pinson, a Major League Baseball player, was born in Memphis, Tennessee.
*Niara Sudarkasa, an educator and anthropologist, was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. She would become the first woman president of Lincoln Univerity, Pennsylvania.
August 15
*Maxine Waters was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She would become a United States Congressperson representing Los Angeles.
August 16
*Robert Johnson, a blues singer-songwriter who is considered to be one of the top five guitarist of all time, died in Greenwood, Mississippi.
August 20
*Ella Fitzgerald and Chick Webb topped the American popular music charts with a swinging jazz version of the children's nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket".
August 30
*James Scott, a ragtime composer best known for his "Frog Legs Rag", died in Kansas City, Kansas.
September 7
*William Singleton, the author of the slave narrative Recollections of My Slavery Days, died.
September 15
*Sylvia Moy, a songwriter and record producer most famously at Motown Records, was born in Detroit, Michigan.
September 22
*Eugene Mingo, a professional football player best known for scoring the first punt return for a touchdown in the American Football League, was born in Akron, Ohio.
September 28
*Ben E. King, a soul and R&B singer best known for the song "Stand by Me", was born in Henderson, North Carolina.
October 15
*Fela Kuti, a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist, musician, composer, human rights activist and political maverick who is best known as the pioneer of the Afro-beat music genre, was born in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
October 29
*Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Liberian politician and economist who became President of Liberia in 2006 and who received the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, was born in Monrovia, Liberia.
*Satch Sanders, a professional basketball player who won eight championships while playing for the Boston Celtics and who became the first African American basketball coach at Harvard University, was born in New York City.
November 12
*Benjamin Mkapa, the third President of Tanzania, was born in Ndanda, near Masasi, in southern Tanganyika.
November 16
*Donald Oliver, a lawyer, developer and politician who served in the Senate of Canada from 1990 to 2013, was born in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
November 24
*Basketball player Oscar "The Big O" Robertson was born in Charlotte, Tennessee. With Kareem Abdul-Jabbar he would lead the Milwaukee Bucks to a 1971 NBA championship.
November 28
*John Kufuor, a Ghanaian businessman and politician who served as President of Ghana from 2001 to 2009, was born in Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
December 12
*Ernest Ladd, a professional football player and wrestler, was born in Rayville, Louisiana.
December 8*John Kufuor, a Ghanaian businessman and politician who served as President of Ghana from 2001 to 2009, was born in Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
December 12
*In the case of Missouri ex rel Gaines, supported by the NAACP, the United States Supreme Court declared that states must provide equal, even if separate, educational facilities for African Americans within their boundaries. The plaintiff, Lloyd Gaines, mysteriously disappeared following the Court's decision.
December 13
*Gus Johnson, a Hall of Fame professional basketball player, was born in Akron, Ohio.
December 15
*William Shaw, a college and professional football player who is the only player ever inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame without every playing in the National Football League, was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
December 16
*Gus Johnson, a Hall of Fame professional basketball player, was born in Akron, Ohio.
December 15
*William Shaw, a college and professional football player who is the only player ever inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame without every playing in the National Football League, was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
December 16
*Jimmie Lee Jackson, a civil rights activist whose death inspired the Selma to Montgomery marches, was born.
December 18
*Roger Mosley, an actor, director and writer best known for his role as the helicopter pilot Theodore "T. C." Calvin in the television series Magnum, P. I., was born in Los Angeles, California.
December 23
*The musicians Meade Lux Lewis, Albert Ammons, and Pete Johnson performed at Carnegie Hall, starting a "Boogie-Woogie" craze.
*A coelacanth, a fish thought to have been extinct, was caught off the coast of South Africa near Chalumna River.
December 31
*Rosalind Cash, a singer and actress best known for her film role as Charlton Heston's character's love interest Lisa in the 1971 science fiction film, The Omega Man, was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
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